Stress-reductive effects of information disclosure to medical and psychiatric patients.

Informed consent has become a central part of medical decision-making. It is based on disclosure of medical information to support patients' rights for autonomous decision-making from a legal point of view. However, information disclosure may also benefit patients. Research indicates that information disclosure reduces stress among patients and that the more patients desire relevant information, the more stress-reductive information disclosure may be. In psychiatry, too, studies have shown that educating psychiatric patients may not necessarily reduce compliance or increase relapse rate. These findings are in line with patients' desires and their legal right to know their own medical matters. It has long been believed that patients, be they psychiatric or non-psychiatric, should be protected and not given information that would potentially cause distress or harm to them. However, patient's competency may be a function of the physicians' efforts to make patients understand necessary information. Therefore, a patient's right to give informed consent leads to a physician's duty to disclose individually tailored information understandable to patients.